Dry Eye

Dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a collection of widely varying symptoms that can be induced by a number of health and lifestyle factors.

The symptoms can vary greatly from person to person and you may actually experience watery eyes while suffering from the condition.  If you can tick off any of the symptoms below then you may be suffering from dry eye syndrome.

Do your eyes suffer from:

• A dry eye sensation
• A gritty feeling
• Burning, stinging or itching
• Excessive watering at times
• Redness
• Tiredness
• Difficulty opening eyes in the morning
• Contact lens discomfort

There are a number of factors which put you at greater risk of dry eye problems. These include:

• Age; risk increases as you get older
• Hormonal changes, especially in women e.g. menopause
• Adverse environmental conditions
• Tiredness
• Contact lens wear
• Certain medications, such as antihistamines, oral contraceptives, diuretics, decongestants, alcohol and anti-depressants
• Dry eye may also be symptomatic of general health problems or disease e.g. people with arthritis are more prone to dry eye.
• Work involving long periods of concentrated work e.g. extended computer use. Symptoms usually worsen as the day progresses

Tears serve to lubricate the eye and they are produced around the clock. The level of moisture in your eyes is normally maintained by balancing tear production and tear loss through evaporation and drainage.  When this balance is not sustained through either poor tear production or increased evaporation dry spots occur on the eye’s surface which causes irritation and symptoms.

There is a series of tests which can be done to identify the cause and type of dry eye and help decide on best treatment.  The aim of treatment is to relieve discomfort and prevent corneal damage. Dry eye can be a temporary problem or a lifelong disease requiring long term treatment. 

In many cases artificially replacing the tears using eye drops effectively treats the problem and relieves the symptoms.  Eye drops may be prescribed or purchased over the counter and since there is a variety it may be helpful to try different ones to see which best suits you.  We stock several different varieties of artificial tears and following an examination can advise you about the best type for your particular problem.

In severe cases permanent or semi-permanent or short acting occlusion of the drainage channels of the eye (puncta) can help to keep the eye lubricated and provide relief from symptoms.  We can refer you to an appropriate specialist if this is considered necessary.

Avoiding the following situations will minimise your risk of dry eye;

• Reduce the dry atmosphere caused by central heating by using a humidifier
• Avoid car heaters, particularly at face level
• Sit away from direct heat such as gas or electric fires
• Use eye drops before concentrated activity e.g. reading, sewing, computer work
• Remember to blink regularly and fully
• Avoid smoky atmospheres

Prognosis varies considerably and may depend on individual lifestyle choices as well as the severity and cause of the condition. There is no definite cure but people can usually be made more comfortable.

Contact us at the practice if you are experiencing any symptoms of dry eye for a thorough examination and expert advice and treatment